PROMETRIC EXAM QUESTIONS WITH EXPLANATION
.png) |
| seenqaaf.blogspot.com |
Which of the following vaccines is contraindicated in a pregnant women?
A)Polio vaccine
B)Influenza (inactivated) vaccine
C)Measles ,Mumps ,Rubella (MMR)
D)Tetanus ,diphtheria ,Pertussis(T dap)
Explanation:
The MMR vaccine is a live attenuated vaccine (LAV) and is generally contraindicated in pregnancy due to a theoretical risk of the live vaccine virus crossing the placenta and potentially harming the fetus. Women should be counseled to avoid becoming pregnant for at least 28 days (or one month) after receiving the MMR vaccine.
❌Influenza (inactivated) – safe and recommended during pregnancy.
❌Tdap – safe and recommended (usually between 27–36 weeks).
❌Polio vaccine – the inactivated polio vaccine (IPV) is safe in pregnancy; only the oral polio vaccine (OPV) is live and generally avoided.
The oral polio vaccine (OPV) is live attenuated and generally contraindicated, but the IPV is acceptable under certain conditions, making "Polio vaccine" an ambiguous answer, but the MMR is a more absolute routine contraindication in all non-risk scenarios.
The correct option is C. Measles, Mumps, Rubella (MMR).
Which of the following is the major risk associated with the use of over-the-counter drugs?
A)Increased cost without benefit
B)Decreased drug-drug interactions
C)Increased potential for misuse and abuse
D)Increased risk of adverse events
Explanation:
The primary risk associated with over-the-counter (OTC) drugs is their vulnerability to misuse and abuse (e.g., excessive doses, prolonged use, using for wrong indications) due to their low cost, legal availability, and the public's perception that they are inherently safe because they don't require a prescription.
❌A) Increased cost without benefit – not a major or typical risk. OTC medications generally offer significant cost savings to both individuals and the healthcare system by avoiding physician consultations and prescription costs when used appropriately for minor ailments.
❌B) Decreased drug-drug interactions – incorrect; OTC drugs can increase interaction risk., especially in older adults who may be on multiple prescription medications (polypharmacy).
❌D) Increased risk of adverse events – this can occur, but it is usually a consequence of misuse; the primary/major risk emphasized is misuse and abuse. The potential for misuse is considered the major risk factor that then leads to adverse events.
The correct option is C. Increased potential for misuse and abuse.
Scenario: A study located a group of subjects with lymphoma and went to identify which subjects are smokers and which are not. Which of the following study designs is used to conduct the study in the scenario?
A)Case-series
B)Cross-sectional study
C)Prospective cohort study
D)Retrospective cohort study
Explanation:
The scenario describes a study that begins with subjects already diagnosed with lymphoma and then investigates their past smoking history. This indicates a retrospective approach. A retrospective cohort study uses existing data to look back in time, selecting a cohort based on exposure (smoking) and then seeing who developed the disease (lymphoma). The scenario starts with the disease.
The key is to recognize that the study starts with individuals who already have the disease (lymphoma) and then looks backward to investigate their exposure (smoking).
❌ A) A case-series – typically describes the characteristics and outcomes among a group of individuals with a disease over a period of time, without a control group or formal comparison of exposure prevalence. While the study involves lymphoma cases, it specifically aims to identify and potentially compare smoking prevalence, which goes beyond a simple case description.
❌ B) Cross-sectional study – includes people with and without disease at the same time.
❌ C) Prospective cohort study – starts with exposure and follows forward to disease. A prospective cohort study starts with a disease-free group and follows them forward in time to see who develops the disease based on their smoking habits, which is the opposite of the scenario. Therefore, it is incorrect.
The study design described is a D) Retrospective cohort study.
Which one of the following statements accurately explain the idea of ‟Diffusion of innovation therapy for health promotion?
A)Psychological process of creativity
B)The way how people develop new idea
C)How new ideas are controlled by a culture
D)The method of disseminating innovative ideas a through a culture
Explanation:
Diffusion of Innovation theory, developed by Everett Rogers, explains how new ideas and technologies spread through cultures. It focuses on communication and adoption of innovations. In health promotion, it provides a framework for understanding how health innovations can be effectively spread and adopted within a population.
Diffusion of Innovation theory explains how, why, and at what rate new ideas and technology spread through cultures. It involves the dissemination of innovations through communication channels over time within a social system. In health promotion, it helps understand how health messages and programs reach different groups and why some people adopt health-promoting behaviors more quickly than others.
❌ Option A: Psychological process of creativity: relates to idea generation, not diffusion.
❌ Option B: The way how people develop new ideas: This focuses on the origin of ideas, not their dissemination. Diffusion of Innovation theory is about what happens after an idea or innovation exists.
❌ Option C: How new ideas are controlled by a culture: The theory's core focus is on the process of spreading ideas, not on cultural control mechanisms themselves.
✅ Option D: The method of disseminating innovative ideas a through a culture: This statement accurately reflects the focus of Diffusion of Innovation theory on how new ideas are spread within a culture.
The correct option is D)The method of disseminating innovative ideas a through a culture
Which of the following inhibits gluconeogenesis?
A)Insulin
B)Glucagon
C)Epinephrine
D)Glucocorticoids
Explanation:
Gluconeogenesis is the metabolic process of producing glucose from non-carbohydrate precursors. Hormones regulate this process:
Insulin: This hormone is released when blood glucose levels are high. It promotes the uptake and storage of glucose and actively inhibits gluconeogenesis to prevent further glucose production.
❌Glucagon → stimulates gluconeogenesis.
❌Epinephrine → stimulates gluconeogenesis (especially during stress).
❌Glucocorticoids → increase gluconeogenesis by enhancing enzyme synthesis.
The correct answer is A) Insulin.
Which of the following is the most appropriate advice to give to asthmatic patients as non-pharmacological management ?
A)Air purifiers will help ease the patients symptoms
B) Weight-loss is unlikely to affect their symptoms now
C)Patients should be trained on breathing exercise programs
D) Increase physical activity
Explanation:
Breathing exercises (such as the Papworth method, Buteyko technique, and yogic breathing) can be offered to adults with asthma as an adjuvant to pharmacological treatment. They have been shown to improve quality of life and reduce symptoms, including hyperventilation symptoms. Training helps patients learn controlled breathing during daily activities and even during an attack.
❌A) Air purifiers will help ease the patients symptoms: Air filtration systems may be effective in specific cases (e.g., in children exposed to secondhand smoke), but specific individual environmental interventions like using special air filters have not been consistently proven to prevent asthma symptoms in general and are not a routine recommendation for all patients.
❌B) Weight-loss is unlikely to affect their symptoms now: This is incorrect advice. Weight loss is recommended for obese asthmatic patients, as even a small amount (5–10% of body weight) can improve asthma control and quality of life.
❌D) increase physical activity: While regular physical activity is generally recommended and beneficial for most asthma patients to improve fitness and lung function, it can also be a common trigger for exercise-induced bronchoconstriction. Therefore, the advice needs to be more nuanced, involving prior medical consultation, proper warm-ups, and the use of reliever medication as directed, rather than just a blanket statement to "increase physical activity". Training on specific exercise protocols and precautions is necessary.
Exercise is beneficial but should be controlled and individualized; not the most appropriate single advice in this context.
The correct option is C)Patients should be trained on breathing exercise programs
.png&description=Prometric Questions - Yellow File - MOH | SPLE | HAAD | DHA - 8){kind=link}
0 Comments