Prometric Questions - Yellow File - MOH | SPLE | HAAD | DHA - 6

  PROMETRIC EXAM QUESTIONS WITH EXPLANATION

Which of the following is the time after which morphine empty vials are to be discarded?

A)3 months 
B)6 months
C)9 months
D) 12 months

Explanation:

According to standard hospital and Ministry of Health regulations, as well as general good practice guidelines for controlled substances, empty morphine vials should be discarded after 6 months to ensure proper controlled drug management, accountability, and to avoid potential misuse. The specific timeframe helps in maintaining a strict audit trail for all controlled medications, including their containers. 
While some specific morphine oral solutions may have a manufacturer-recommended expiry of 3 months after opening, the general guideline for empty vials to be formally discarded for controlled drug log-keeping and auditing purposes is 6 months.

So the correct answer is option B.

Which of the following is the validity of diazepam prescription (in days).According to ministry of health rules and regulation?

A)3 

B)7

C)10

D)14

Explanation:

The validity of a diazepam prescription according to Ministry of Health rules and regulations (in most countries, including the UK and KSA) is 7 days. 
The 7-day validity means the prescription must be dispensed at the pharmacy within 7 days from the date it was issued. After this period, it is no longer valid and cannot be filled.

So the correct answer is option B.

Which of the following immunoglobulin activates complement system ?

A) IgM

B) IgE

C) IgA 

D) IgG

Explanation:

The complement system is a crucial part of your innate immunity, a network of over 30 proteins in the blood that, when activated in a cascade, helps identify and destroy pathogens (like bacteria and viruses), clear cellular debris, and promote inflammation to fight infection, bridging innate and adaptive immunity by working with antibodies. These inactive proteins, produced by the liver, activate sequentially, leading to pathogen destruction (lysis), enhanced phagocytosis (cell eating), and immune cell recruitment.

IgM is the most efficient immunoglobulin at activating the classical complement pathway due to its pentameric structure, which allows a single molecule to bind C1q, the first component of the complement system. It is typically produced first in response to a new infection.

IgG also activates the classical complement pathway, although less efficiently than IgM. Multiple IgG molecules (at least two) must bind close together on the antigen surface to achieve the binding energy required to activate C1q. Specific subclasses like IgG1 and IgG3 are particularly potent in this regard. 

IgE is primarily involved in allergic reactions and defense against parasites. It binds to receptors on mast cells and basophils, triggering the release of inflammatory mediators, but it does not activate the classical complement system pathway.

IgA primarily functions in mucosal immunity, where it neutralizes toxins and pathogens on epithelial surfaces. It is a weak activator of complement, mainly through the alternative and lectin pathways when aggregated, but not the classical pathway. 

If the question expects one best answer, the correct choice is IgM.

So the correct answer is option A (IgM).

Research investigators must submit all research protocols to the institutional review board and obtain approval before performing the research. What is the main purpose of this board?

A)To help in collecting the data

B)To provide the needed fund for the research 

C)To safeguard the rights of human research subjects

D)To calculate the most appropriate sample size for the research

Explanation:

The purpose of IRB review is to assure, both in advance and by periodic review, that appropriate steps are taken to protect the rights and welfare of humans participating as subjects in the research. (US FDA)

So the correct answer is option C.

Which of the following best describes the role of colipase in digestion of lipids?

A)It breaks down triglycerides into absorbable free fatty acids

B)It hydrolyzes cholesteryl esters into cholesterol and free fatty acids 

C)It acts as co-enzyme for the action of lipase in the presence of bile acids

D)It plays an important role in the degradation and excretion of phospholipids

Explanation:

Colipase is a protein cofactor (co-enzyme) that is essential for the efficient activity of pancreatic lipase. Bile salts, while necessary for emulsification, inhibit lipase activity by displacing it from the surface of the lipid droplets. Colipase counteracts this inhibition by binding to both the bile salt-coated fat droplet surface and the lipase enzyme, effectively anchoring the lipase to the lipid-water interface and allowing it to perform its function of hydrolyzing triglycerides. 

❌ A) This is the function of pancreatic lipase, not colipase.

❌ B) This is done by cholesterol esterase.

❌ D) This is related to phospholipase, not colipase.

So the correct answer is option C.

Which of the following pairs represents the purines nitrogenous bases?
A)Adenine (A) and Uracil (U)
B)Cytosine (C) and Uracil (U)
C)Adenine (A) and guanine (G)
D)Cytosine (C) and guanine (G)

Explanation:

A purine is a nitrogenous base with a double-ring structure, crucial for DNA and RNA, with the primary examples being Adenine (A) and Guanine (G); they form the fundamental building blocks of genetic material, pairing with pyrimidines (Cytosine, Thymine, Uracil) and playing vital roles in cellular energy (ATP) and signaling. 

So the correct answer is option C.

Source: https://sciencenotes.org/purines-and-pyrimidines/

Prometric Questions - Yellow File - MOH | SPLE | HAAD | DHA - 5

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