Prometric Questions - Yellow File - MOH | SPLE | HAAD | DHA - 2

 PROMETRIC EXAM QUESTIONS WITH EXPLANATION

Q: Which of the following toxins can be used therapeutically?

1. Aflatoxin
2. Saxitoxin
3. ꭤ-bungarotoxin
4. Botulinum toxin

Explanation:

Aflatoxin: This is a toxic substance produced by certain molds, primarily affecting the liver, and has no known therapeutic uses. 

Saxitoxin: A potent neurotoxin, it blocks sodium channels and can cause paralysis and death. Saxitoxin has no known therapeutic indication.

ꭤ-bungarotoxin: Found in snake venom, it is also a neurotoxin that causes paralysis by blocking acetylcholine receptors. α-bungarotoxin is also not used therapeutically. 

Botulinum toxin: This toxin, produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum, is a neurotoxin that can block nerve signals to muscles, leading to muscle relaxation. While it causes botulism (a serious illness) in large doses, it's used in small, controlled amounts for various therapeutic and cosmetic purposes, such as treating muscle spasms, wrinkles, and migraines. 

So the correct answer is Option 4.




Q: Which of the following medications is the most appropriate for nausea induced by the anti-Parkinson's drug bromocriptine?

1. Itopride
2. Domperidone
3. Metoclopramide
4. Chlorpheniramine

Explanation: 

Itopride: Itopride has gastrointestinal prokinetic effects, it's more commonly used for conditions like functional dyspepsia and diabetic gastroparesis. It is not the primary choice for bromocriptine-induced nausea. 

Metoclopramide: Metoclopramide is another dopamine receptor antagonist, but it is more likely to cause extrapyramidal side effects and may worsen Parkinson's symptoms. Due to these risks, it is generally avoided in patients with Parkinson's disease. 

Chlorpheniramine: Chlorpheniramine is an antihistamine, mainly used for allergy symptoms and not as an antiemetic in this context. It does not specifically target the dopamine receptors involved in bromocriptine-induced nausea. 

Domperidone: It is a dopamine receptor antagonist that primarily works peripherally to reduce nausea and vomiting. It can be used to manage nausea caused by dopamine agonists like bromocriptine. Domperidone does not easily cross the blood-brain barrier, so it doesn't interfere with the beneficial central effects of bromocriptine. 

So the correct answer is Option 2.

Source: Pharmacyfreak.com

Q: Which of the following is an indication for the use of streptokinase?

1. Tuberculosis
2. Neoplastic disorders
3. Myocardial infarction
4. Impaired fat absorption

Explanation: 

Tuberculosis is a bacterial infection and streptokinase is not used to treat it.

Neoplastic disorders refer to the growth of abnormal tissue, often associated with cancer, and streptokinase is not used to treat these.

Impaired fat absorption is a digestive issue, and streptokinase is not used to treat digestive problems. 
Streptokinase is a thrombolytic medication that helps dissolve blood clots. One of its primary uses is to treat myocardial infarction (heart attack), which occurs when a blood clot blocks blood flow to the heart muscle. 

So the correct answer is Option 3.

Source: researchgate.net

Q: Which of the following is the therapeutic indication for methylphenidate?

1. Eczema
2. Insomnia
3. Anorexia nervosa
4. Attention deficit disorder in children

Explanation:
Methylphenidate is indicated for the treatment of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in patients 6 years of age and older and as a second-line treatment for narcolepsy in adults. Anorexia and insomnia are among the side effects (dose-dependent) of Methylphenidate and not its indication. 
So the correct answer is Option 4.

Source: researchgate.net

Q: Which of the following is most likely to be associated with heartburn?

1. Paracetamol
2. Chlorpheniramine
3. Potassium chloride
4. Magnesium/Aluminium hydroxide

Explanation: Here the question is somewhat confusing. The question is asking about association with heartburn but not specifying the sort of relation it is referring to.
For the sake of this question, we presume causative association is asked.
Paracetamol: While high doses of Paracetamol may cause stomach upset, it's not directly related to heartburn (acid reflux). 

Chlorpheniramine: This is an antihistamine and is more likely to cause drowsiness than heartburn. 

Magnesium/Aluminium hydroxide: These are antacids that work by neutralizing stomach acid, which is the primary cause of heartburn. They provide a direct relief from the burning sensation in the chest. (this would be correct answer if the association asked is regarding the treatment of heartburn)

Potassium chloride: A well-documented cause of medication-related esophagitis. A second type of potassium supplement — potassium citrate — may also irritate the esophagus.
Read more about the drug and supplement causing heart burn by clicking here.

So the correct answer is Option 3.

Source: wikidoc.org

            

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