Prometric Questions - Yellow File - MOH | SPLE | HAAD | DHA - 4

  PROMETRIC EXAM QUESTIONS WITH EXPLANATION

Q: Which of the following immunoglobulin (Ig) is frequently found to be elevated in asthmatic patients? 

1. IgA 
2. IgE 
3. IgM 
4. IgD

Explanation:

Immunoglobulin E (IgE) is the immunoglobulin most significantly elevated in asthmatic patients. IgE plays a crucial role in allergic reactions, triggering mast cell degranulation and histamine release when it binds to allergens, leading to symptoms like wheezing and bronchial constriction. High levels of IgE in the blood are associated with the severity of asthma. 

While IgA may be slightly elevated in some asthmatic patients, its primary role is in mucosal immunity, protecting surfaces like the respiratory tract and gut.

IgM is the first immunoglobulin produced in the primary immune response. It is involved in the initial detection of infections. Although IgM may be elevated in some conditions, it is not the characteristic immunoglobulin associated with asthma.

IgD is present in very small amounts in the blood and its exact function is not fully understood. It is not associated with asthma. 

So the correct answer is IgE.

Q: Which of the following is the type of studies considers data from multiple studies of different designs to draw conclusions ?

1. Case Series
2. Double-blind study 
3. Systematic review
4. Consensus statement

Explanation:

1. Case Series is a study design that focuses on a small number of individuals with similar characteristics, and does not involve comparing data from multiple studies. 

2. A systematic review is a research method that systematically identifies, evaluates, and summarizes the findings from multiple studies on a specific topic, often using a rigorous methodology to analyze and synthesize the data. 

3. Double-blind study: This is a type of experimental study design where both the researchers and the study participants are blinded to which group is receiving the experimental treatment and which group is receiving the control condition, to minimize bias. 

4. Consensus statement: This is a document that represents the collective opinion of a group of experts on a particular topic, usually developed through a consensus process, and does not involve analyzing data from multiple studies. 

So the correct answer is Systemic Review.

Q: A 25-years-old male is admitted due to hypersensitivity reaction to some drug ingestion four hours ago. Patient is given a drug which causes dilation of vessels in muscle, constriction of cutaneous vessels and positive inotropic and chronotropic effects on the heart

Which of the following is the most likely drug given? 

1. Adrenaline
2. Isoproterenol
3. Acetylcholine
4. Metaproterenol

Explanation:

Adrenaline (also known as epinephrine) is a catecholamine hormone that has a wide range of effects, including:

• Muscle vasodilation: Adrenaline causes vasodilation in skeletal muscle, which increases blood flow to these muscles during exercise or stress.
• Cutaneous vasoconstriction: Conversely, it causes constriction of blood vessels in the skin, diverting blood away from the skin and towards more vital organs.
• Positive inotropic and chronotropic effects: Adrenaline directly stimulates the heart muscle, increasing its contractility (inotropic effect) and heart rate (chronotropic effect).

Isoproterenol is a beta-2 adrenergic agonist, which primarily affects the respiratory system. While it can cause vasodilation in skeletal muscle and some cardiac effects, its predominant effect is bronchodilation. 

Acetylcholine is a parasympathetic neurotransmitter. It has the opposite effects of adrenaline, causing vasodilation in both skeletal muscle and skin and slowing down the heart rate. 

Metaproterenol is another beta-2 adrenergic agonist, similar to isoproterenol. It also primarily causes bronchodilation. 

Therefore, considering the combination of muscle vasodilation, cutaneous vasoconstriction, and positive cardiac effects, Adrenaline is the most likely drug administered.

Q: Which of the following describes the transmission mode of coronavirus? 

1. Respiratory route
2. Blood-borne route
3. Contaminated food and drinks
4. Direct contact with patient saliva

Explanation:

Coronavirus is primarily transmitted through respiratory droplets. These droplets are released when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or talks. Another person can inhale these droplets directly or they can land on surfaces and be transferred to someone else through contact. 

While COVID-19 can be detected in the blood of some infected individuals, this is not the primary route of transmission. Blood-borne transmission typically occurs through contact with infected blood, such as through needles or open wounds. 

Although there have been some reports of potential transmission through contaminated surfaces, transmission via contaminated food and drinks is considered extremely rare. 

While direct contact with an infected person's saliva can increase the risk of transmission, the respiratory route (inhaling droplets or aerosols) is the most significant transmission pathway. Direct contact with saliva is a subset of the respiratory route transmission. 

So the correct answer is Respiratory route.

Q:  What the function of small nuclear (snRNAs) in protein synthesis?

1. Act as catalyst 
2. Modifies mRNA molecules
3. Genetic blueprint for the protein
4. Translates genetic code to amino acid

Explanation:

The function of small nuclear (snRNAs) in protein synthesis is to modify mRNA molecules by participating in the process of RNA splicing, where they help remove non-coding introns from pre-mRNA to produce mature mRNA that can then be translated into a protein. snRNAs are key components of large protein-RNA complexes called spliceosomes, which recognize specific splice sites on pre-mRNA and cut out the introns, leaving the exons to be joined together. While not directly involved in protein translation itself, snRNAs play a crucial role in the maturation of mRNA, which is necessary for proper protein synthesis. 

While snRNAs are part of the spliceosome complex that catalyzes the splicing reaction, their primary function is not solely catalytic. The catalytic activity involves both RNA and protein components of the spliceosome

The genetic blueprint for the protein is stored in the DNA, which is transcribed into mRNA. snRNAs do not carry the genetic blueprint but rather help modify the mRNA to ensure the correct exons are included in the final protein.

The translation of the genetic code to amino acids is the function of tRNA molecules, not snRNAs. snRNAs are involved in the pre-mRNA splicing process, which occurs before translation. 

So the correct answer is modify mRNA molecules.