A solution contains 2.5 mg of a drug per milliliter. administered at a rate of 50 mg/hr. (1 ml = 30 drops). Which of the following Is the most appropriate infusion rate?
A) 5 drops/min
B) 10 drops/min
C) 20 drops/min
D) 40 drops/min
A) 5 drops/min
B) 10 drops/min
C) 20 drops/min
D) 40 drops/min
Calculate the volume flow rate in ml/hr:
The drug is administered at 50mg/hr and the concentration 2.5mg/ml
Convert the volume flow rate to ml/min:
Since there are 60minutes in an hour:
Convert ml/min to drops/min:
Given that 1ml= 30drops
Conclusion: The most appropriate infusion rate is 10 drops/min.
Correct Option: B) 10 drops/min
A 2.5% intravenous drug is infused at a rate of 1.5 ml/min. Which of the amount of the drug (in mg) that is infused in each hour?
A)25
B)225
C)2000
D)2250
2.5% IV drug: A 2.5% intravenous solution means there are 2.5grams of the drug in every 100ml of solution.
2.5% w/v = 2.5 g / 100 mL= 25 mg/mL
Infusion rate:
1.5 mL/min × 60 = 90 mL/hour
Amount infused per hour:
25 mg/mL × 90 mL = 2250 mg/hour
Correct answer: D) 2250 mg
Clean percentage → mg/mL conversion makes this one easy once you spot it.
Which of the following statements best describes drug dependence?
A) discontinuation of the drug will produce withdrawal symptoms
B) action of one drug is dependent on the presence of another drug
C) discontinuation of the drug will not produce withdrawal symptoms
D) patients progressively require Increasingly larger doses of drug to achieve the same effect
The key idea in drug dependence is what happens when the drug is stopped.
Drug dependence (often specifically referred to as physical dependence) occurs when the body has adapted to the presence of a drug. Because the body's systems have "recalibrated" to function with the substance, removing it abruptly causes a physiological rebound, known as withdrawal symptoms.
Let's check the options:
A) Discontinuation of the drug will produce withdrawal symptoms ✅ This is dependence
B) Action of one drug depends on another → drug interaction ❌
C) No withdrawal symptoms → not dependence ❌ [This is the opposite of dependence. If no withdrawal symptoms occur, the patient is not physically dependent on the substance.]
D) Need for larger doses for same effect → tolerance, not dependence ❌ [Tolerance is when the body becomes less responsive to a drug, requiring higher doses to reach the original "high" or therapeutic effect.]
Correct answer: A)discontinuation of the drug will produce withdrawal symptoms
| Term | Definition | Key Signifier |
| Dependence | Physical adaptation to a substance. | Withdrawal symptoms upon stopping. |
| Tolerance | Decreased sensitivity to a drug. | Need for higher doses for same effect. |
| Addiction | Compulsive use despite harmful consequences. | Behavioral changes and cravings. |
Which of the following drugs has a high abuse potential?
A) nifedipine
B) allopurinol
C) varenicline
D) methylphenidate
The drug with high abuse potential is the one that acts on the CNS reward pathways.
Let's scan the options:
Nifedipine → calcium channel blocker (HTN, angina) ❌
Allopurinol → gout medication ❌
Varenicline → smoking cessation aid, low abuse risk ❌
Methylphenidate → CNS stimulant (like amphetamines), commonly abused ✅
Correct answer: D) Methylphenidate
Methylphenidate (commonly known by brand names like Ritalin or Concerta) is a central nervous system (CNS) stimulant used primarily to treat ADHD and narcolepsy.
Mechanism: It increases the levels of dopamine and norepinephrine in the brain by blocking their reuptake.
Abuse Potential: Because it shares a similar pharmacological mechanism to cocaine and amphetamines, it has a high potential for misuse, especially for its euphoric effects or as a "study drug."
Legal Status: In the U.S., it is classified as a Schedule II controlled substance because of this high abuse potential and the risk of severe psychological or physical dependence.
It has significant abuse potential due to its dopamine-enhancing effects in the brain 🧠
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